The EU and the Governance of Globalisation. Bruegel Working Papers, 2006/02, September 2006

Bruegel Scholars Alan Ahearne, Jean Pisani-Ferry, André Sapir and Nicolas Véron contributed this paper to the project Globalisation Challenges for Europe and Finland organised for the secretariat of the Economic Council of Finland. The project is part of Finland's EU presidency programme and its objective is to add momentum to the discussion in the European Union on golbalisation, Europe's competitiveness policy and the Lisbon Strategy

MitoNEET: Reduction in Insulin Resistance through Ameliorated Oxidative Stress?

MitoNEET is a mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein with poorly-understood functions. Proposed functions of mitoNEET include regulating of oxidative capacity, reactive oxygen homeostasis, and other possible roles. Investigating the interactions of mitoNEET with other proteins might help identify functional roles of this protein. MitoNEET was discovered in 2004 to identify physiological targets of pioglitazone hydrochloride, a drug that is commonly used to treat type-2 diabetes. Type-2 diabetes is a metabolic disease and, although the exact pathology is complex, the role of the mitochondrion in cellular energy production and glucose oxidation indicates that this organelle has a role in type-2 diabetes. Because of the specific location of mitoNEET and its interaction with pioglitazone, there is the potential for this protein to have a role in diabetes treatment and/or prevention. My protein pull-down experiments indicated a direct interaction between mitoNEET and the enzyme catalase, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of catalase, before and after the addition of mitoNEET, showed changes in absorbance at λ = 270, 320 and 400 nm, indicating an interaction between the proteins. The rate of catalase activity was measured by following the breakdown of H2O2 over time. The average rate of catalase activity in absence of mitoNEET was 0.0899 ± 0.0195 nM H2O2 min-1 μg protein-1 and this rate increased after addition of mitoNEET to 0.0126 ± 0.0253 nM H2O2 min-1 μg protein-1. My findings may indicate that mitoNEET decreases cellular H2O2 levels through activation of catalase, and thereby reduces the probability to develop oxidative stress induced insulin resistance

The EU and the governance of globalisation

Alan Ahearne, Jean Pisani-Ferry, André Sapir and Nicolas Véron contributed this paper to the project "Globalisation challenges for Europe and Finland" organised for the secretariat of the Economic Council of Finland. The project is part of Finland's EU Presidency programme and its objective is to add momentum to the discussion in the European Union on globalisation, Europe's competitiveness policy and the Lisbon Strategy.

Global governance: an agenda for Europe

Governance of the global economy is becoming a pressing matter and the situation is compounded by the growing number and diversity of players in the global economy. The authors argue that Europe is now in a position to take a leading role. Not only is it in Europeâ??s interest to reform the global governance system, but it also has the experience necessary to do so. The vacuum created by the seeming reluctance of the US to drive the agenda forward could be filled by the European Union.

Aspects of Assembly and Cascaded Aspects of Assembly: Logical and Temporal Properties

Highly dynamic computing environments, like ubiquitous and pervasive computing environments, require frequent adaptation of applications. This has to be done in a timely fashion, and the adaptation process must be as fast as possible and mastered. Moreover the adaptation process has to ensure a consistent result when finished whereas adaptations to be implemented cannot be anticipated at design time. In this paper we present our mechanism for self-adaptation based on the aspect oriented programming paradigm called Aspect of Assembly (AAs). Using AAs: (1) the adaptations process is fast and its duration is mastered; (2) adaptations' entities are independent of each other thanks to the weaver logical merging mechanism; and (3) the high variability of the software infrastructure can be managed using a mono or multi-cycle weaving approach.Comment: 14 pages, published in International Journal of Computer Science, Volume 8, issue 4, Jul 2011, ISSN 1694-081

Improvement of current-control induced by oxide crenel in very short field-effect-transistor

A 2D quantum ballistic transport model based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism has been used to theoretically investigate the effects induced by an oxide crenel in a very short (7 nm) thin-film metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor. Our investigation shows that a well adjusted crenel permits an improvement of on-off current ratio Ion/Ioff of about 244% with no detrimental change in the drive current Ion. This remarkable result is explained by a nontrivial influence of crenel on conduction band-structure in thin-film. Therefore a well optimized crenel seems to be a good solution to have a much better control of short channel effects in transistor where the transport has a strong quantum behavior

Towards a Model-Based Serverless Platform for the Cloud-Edge-IoT Continuum

One of the most prominent implementations of the serverless programming model is Function-as-a-Service (FaaS). Using FaaS, application developers provide source code of serverless functions, typically describing only parts of a larger application, and define triggers for executing these functions on infrastructure components managed by the FaaS provider. There are still challenges that hinder the wider adoption of the FaaS model across the whole Cloud-Edge-IoT continuum. These include the high heterogeneity of the Edge and IoT infrastructure, vendor lock-in, the need to deploy and adapt serverless functions as well as their supporting services and software stacks into their cyber-physical execution environment. As a first step towards addressing these challenges, we introduce the SERVERLEss4I0T platform for the design, deployment, and maintenance of applications over the Cloud-Edge-IoT continuum. In particular, our platform enables the specification and deployment of serverless functions on Cloud and Edge resources, as well as the deployment of their supporting services and software stacks over the whole Cloud-Edge-IoT continuum.acceptedVersio

Towards a Sustainable IoT with Last-Mile Software Deployment

Billions of sensor-enabled IoT devices generate extreme amounts of e- waste. Because of the low cost and short lifespan of electronic components, it is often more convenient for consumers to buy a new device instead of re-using or re-purposing the old one. With the increased computing and connectivity capabilities, IoT devices can already receive code updates for new purposes (and thus extend their lifespan), but the cost of such operations often exceeds the price of device replacement due to constrained resources, hindered network connectivity, and distributed placement. This paper describes how these existing capabilities can enable last-mile software deployment at scale. We propose a hierarchical architecture for provisioning software updates from the cloud to terminal devices via edge gateways in a scalable and targeted manner. By enabling such an end-to-end software deployment architecture, the approach promotes hardware re-use via re-purposing and thus contributes to the creation of a more sustainable IoT.acceptedVersio

Adaptations dynamiques au contexte en informatique ambiante : propriétés logiques et temporelles

In ubiquitous computing, applications are built as a collaboration of computerized and communicating objects called devices. Because these devices can be mobile or subject to failures, this infrastructure evolves dynamically and unpredictably. Thus, to fit seamlessly into their environment and to provide the functionalities expected by users which are often more sustainable than the environment, applications must dynamically adapt to these changes. Each of these variable phenomena pursues its own dynamic. The challenge offered to adaptation mechanisms is to be able to consider them, with suitable dynamics.For this purpose, we propose an architectural model and an adaptation mechanism. The architectural model is based on four levels organized hierarchically according to their complexity and to the dynamics they can offer. We combine to this architectural model an adaptation mechanism. Based on the separation of concerns principle, our mechanism allows us to consider the variability of the system. Due to the unpredictability of the environment, the sets of adaptations that will be deployed by the upper levels of the architecture may not have been anticipated at design time. Also, thanks to some logical and temporal properties, these adaptations can be composed in non-anticipated way and with appropriate response time. The proposed mechanism, called cascaded aspects, is implemented using Aspects of Assembly and the WComp execution platform.En informatique ambiante, les applications sont construites en faisant interagir entre eux des objets informatisés et communicants appelés dispositifs. Parce que ces dispositifs peuvent être mobiles ou subir des pannes, cette infrastructure évolue dynamiquement et de manière imprévisible. Aussi, pour s’insérer de manière transparente dans leur environnement et fournir les fonctionnalités attendues par les utilisateurs, bien souvent plus pérennes que l’environnement sur lequel elles reposent, les applications doivent s’adapter dynamiquement à ces évolutions. Ces phénomènes variables poursuivant leur propre dynamique, le défi proposé aux mécanismes d’adaptation est d’être capable de les prendre encompte, avec une dynamique adaptée à chacun d’entre eux.Dans cette optique, nous proposons un modèle architectural ainsi qu’un mécanisme d’adaptation. Le modèle architectural repose sur quatre niveaux organisés hiérarchiquement en fonction de leur complexité et de la dynamique qu’ils peuvent offrir. Nous lui associons un mécanisme d’adaptation qui, à partir du principe de séparation des préoccupations permet d’exprimer la variabilité du système. En raison de l’imprévisibilité de l’environnement, les ensembles d’adaptations qui seront déployées par les niveaux supérieurs de l’architecture ne peuvent pas nécessairement être anticipés à la conception. Aussi, grâce à un ensemble de propriétés logiques et temporelles, ces adaptations peuvent être composées de manière non-anticipée dans des temps de réponse adaptés. Le mécanisme d’adaptation proposé, appelé cascade d’aspects, est expérimenté en se basant sur les Aspects d’Assemblages et la plateforme d’exécution WComp

A Cloud-based Framework for Shop Floor Big Data Management and Elastic Computing Analytics

Advanced digitalization together with the rise of disruptive Internet technologies are key enablers of a fundamental paradigm shift observed in industrial production. This is known as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) which proposes the integration of the new generation of ICT solutions for the monitoring, adaptation, simulation, and optimisation of factories. With the democratization of sensors and actuators, factories and machine tools can now be sensorized and the data generated by these devices can be exploited, for instance, to optimise the utilization of the machines as well as their operation and maintenance. However, analyzing the vast amount of generated data is resource demanding both in terms of computing power and network bandwidth, thus requiring highly scalable solutions. This paper presents a novel big data approach and analytics framework for the management and analysis of machine generated data in the cloud. It brings together standard open source technologies and the exploitation of elastic computing, which, as a whole, can be adapted to and deployed on different cloud computing platforms. This enables reducing infrastructure costs, minimizing deployment difficulty and providing on-demand access to a virtually infinite set of computing power, storage and network resources.H202